El Informe de la consultora Booz & Co es, en verdad, la versión más reciente de una investigación que se viene haciendo desde el año 2000, pero que en esta edición cobra mayor interés por los efectos de la crisis sobre la forma de gestionar las grandes corporaciones. Del Informe señalado, que se titula CEO Succession 2000–2009: A Decade of Convergence and Compression, me limitaré a transcribir algunos párrafos con incidencia sobre el gobierno corporativo.
El primero, apunta a sus conclusiones generales (p. 2):
“The tenure of a CEO is becoming shorter and more intense, the margin for error or underperformance is narrow, and the role of CEO increasingly excludes the job of also being chairman. On the other hand, the CEO increasingly engages with the board of directors, and also tends to have more opportunity to consult with the chairman”.
“• A separate and overseeing chairman. More American and European companies are splitting the CEO and chairman roles. At the outset of the decade, roughly half of the North American and European CEOs entering office were named chairman and CEO. In 2009’s incoming class, that number had fallen to 16.5 percent in North America and 7.1 percent in Europe.
Having split the roles, companies in North America and Europe are increasingly appointing the outgoing CEO to the chairman post, with the incoming chief executive as the chairman’s 'apprentice'”.
“• A trend toward appointing insiders (for good reason). Four out of every five times, boards around the world choose insider candidates when selecting a CEO, and that ratio has been broadly consistent for 10 years —with relatively minor regional variations. On average over 10 years, the CEOs who departed from companies in Europe and the rest of Asia were insiders 73 percent and 72 percent of the time, respectively, compared with 80 percent in North America and 96 percent in Japan”.
Los tiempos difíciles aconsejan confiar en la experiencia (p. 6):
“• Experience and stability in turbulent times. It’s no accident that planned successions have been increasing for the past three years on a global basis. In a time of economic upset and severely clouded visibility, boards have been loath to make sudden moves. But the preference for stability and experience predates the recession.
Boards have long sought seasoned CEOs, and, indeed, the percentage of outgoing CEOs with prior CEO experience in a public company has trended upward, more than doubling over the past 10 years, although that trend may have peaked in 2007”.
La última reflexión destacable se refiere a la conveniencia de que el CEO se apoye en el Consejo (pp. 11 y 12):
“2. Engage with the Board as a Strategic Partner
The most effective CEOs practice a corporate version of the Golden Rule: When engaging the board, do unto it as you would have your business units do unto you. Just as you want your business leaders to engage you as their strategic partner, keeping you informed of the good, the bad, and the ugly in a transparent fashion, so too should you engage the board. This is especially important if you are the CEO but not the chairman of the board.
In most companies in the past, CEOs kept the board at a distance, involving its members in strategy only at yearly off-site meetings. Given the pressure now being placed on the board, and the level of accountability expected from management, this approach is no longer sufficient; board members need to take part in the strategic conversation of a company as it develops. Otherwise, they may focus overmuch on risk mitigation, a hallmark of inexperienced or uninformed boards”.
Madrid, 25 de mayo de 2010